The western hemisphere system of commercial arbitration

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University, 195

Fibroma Causing Compartment Syndrome in NCAA Division I Athlete

Please enjoy Volume 6, Issue 1 of the JSMAHS. In this issue, you will find Professional, Graduate, and Undergraduate research abstracts, and case reports. Thank you for viewing this 6th Annual OATA Special Edition

Bedded Pack Management System Case Study

Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Farm Management,

Adaptations to sprint interval training and comparisons of gender response

Physical activity helps maintain health, promotes adaptations of the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems to increase uptake, transport and utilisation of oxygen for aerobic energy production and improve fatty acid metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests sprint interval training (SIT) may be as effective as endurance exercise. The overall aim was to measure physiological effects of SIT in males and females from the general population. The first objective was to recruit males and females from the general population to complete 12 weeks cycling SIT and monitor changes relating to health and physiological function. The primary outcomes were changes in body fat mass, VO2max, FATmax, knee extensor muscle size, strength, power, fatigue resistance, circulating concentrations of lipoproteins and inflammatory markers. The secondary outcome was a comparison of results between males and females. The second objective was to recruit Masters sprint and endurance runners to complete measurements of health and physiological function. The primary outcomes were peak power output and VO2peak in one and two-leg cycling. After 12 weeks SIT, females showed higher increases (18.7%) in VO2max (ml/kg/min) than males (6%) (gender comparison: p=0.009), males exhibited greater body fat (%) reductions (1.5%) than females (0.1%) (gender comparison: p=0.015). Males and females had similar increases in knee extensor fatigue resistance (4.0% and 8.9% respectively, gender comparison: p=0.221) and muscle cross sectional area (CSA) (cm2) (4.1% and 5.8% respectively, gender comparison: p=0.895). Neither gender showed changes in circulating inflammatory proteins, but LDL decreased in males (7.8%) and females (3.7%) (gender comparison: p=0.161) and the ratio of cholesterol:HDL improved in females (13.1%) and males (19.6%) (gender comparison: p=0.523). Master sprint athletes had 22% higher peak power output (W/Kg) than endurance athletes (discipline difference: p=0.045), but endurance master athletes have 17% higher VO2peak (ml/kg/min) (p=0.012) and 30% higher FATmax (mg/kg/min) (discipline difference: p=0.041). The inverse relationship between VO2peak, FATmax and peak power with age was similar (10-12% per decade) for sprint and endurance athletes. It is concluded that males and females adapt positively to SIT, although gender differences in VO2max and changes to body fat were found. Despite differences between masters endurance and sprint athletes in FATmax, VO2peak and peak power, age related decline is similar in both disciplines

Achilles Tendon Rupture in NCAA Division I Football Athlete

Please enjoy Volume 6, Issue 1 of the JSMAHS. In this issue, you will find Professional, Graduate, and Undergraduate research abstracts, and case reports. Thank you for viewing this 6th Annual OATA Special Edition

Continuity of Lithic Practice from the Eighteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries at the Nipmuc Homestead of Sarah Boston, Grafton, Massachusetts

Stone tools have been found at all Nipmuc-related house sites in central Massachusetts dating from the 17th through 20th centuries. This article explores in detail the lithic assemblage recovered from the kitchen midden of the late 18th and early 19th century Sarah Burnee/Sarah Boston farmstead in Grafton, Massachusetts. Quartz and quartzite lithics were found in similar concentrations as historic ceramics within the midden suggesting that these tools were in active use within the household. Ground-stone tools of ancient origin indicate curation and reuse of older materials, and knapped glass and re-worked gunflints suggest knowledge of flintknapping. This article argues that despite colonial rules forbidding traditional Native practices, this and other Nipmuc families continued to practice the production and use of lithics for at least 300 years after the arrival of Europeans

Biomechanical comparisons between straight and bend sprinting in athletic sprint events

During bend sprinting, the continuous need to change direction affects athletes' whole-body mechanics. Continuously changing direction results in athletes not being able to achieve the same velocities on the bend as seen during straight-line sprinting. The aim of this thesis was to identify technique and performance differences between bend and straight-line sprinting. Two studies were conducted, one empirical study with experienced bend sprinters and one scoping review synthesising the existing bend sprinting literature. No differences were found in performance, push time, or most kinetic variables when analysing the effect of the bend during block starts compared with straight-line sprinting. However, there were reductions in vertical force on the bend compared with straight-line sprinting, which may negatively impact initial steps after block exit by reducing step length. Therefore, the bend reduces performance in subsequent race phases after block exit, potentially because athletes line their blocks up straight to increase anterior velocity. The results from the scoping review found that the effectiveness of strength training, which targets the performance descriptors, lower body kinematics, and ground reaction forces, should be further explored. A focus should be how athletes can better maintain variables closer to those during straight-line sprinting. Determining which variables are closely related to performance in sprinters who have greater velocities on the bend, and sprinters who can better maintain their velocity on the bend compared with straight-line sprinting, would help improve all bend sprinters. Additionally, statistical analysis such as statistical parametric mapping would provide additional information on the characteristics of the waveform that differentiate performers that may be lost when analysing discrete variables. Finally, advancements in technology should be explored by biomechanists to capture data ecologically during training and competition. Overall, changes in performance on the bend occur post block exit. However, a decrease in vertical force may impact the first few steps by reducing step length and, therefore, velocity. Variables related to better bend sprinters need to be identified using statistical analysis such as parametric mapping and advances in technology. An intervention study could then evaluate the effectiveness of strength training targeting the performance descriptors, lower body kinematics, and ground reaction forces, providing insights into improving bend sprinting performance

Tolerance to MHC class II disparate allografts through genetic modification of bone marrow

Induction of molecular chimerism through genetic modification of bone marrow is a powerful tool for the induction of tolerance. Here we demonstrate for the first time that expression of an allogeneic MHC class II gene in autologous bone marrow cells, resulting in a state of molecular chimerism, induces tolerance to MHC class II mismatched skin grafts, a stringent test of transplant tolerance. Reconstitution of recipients with syngeneic bone marrow transduced with retrovirus encoding H-2I-Ab (I-Ab) resulted the long-term expression of the retroviral gene product on the surface of MHC class II-expressing bone marrow derived cell types. Mechanistically, tolerance was maintained by the presence of regulatory T cells, which prevented proliferation and cytokine production by alloreactive host T cells. Thus, the introduction of MHC class II genes into bone marrow derived cells through genetic engineering results in tolerance. These results have the potential to extend the clinical applicability of molecular chimerism for tolerance induction